Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational approach that emphasizes learning through active engagement with real-world problems and meaningful projects. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on rote memorization or passive absorption of information, PBL asks students to investigate authentic issues, pose relevant questions, and design solutions over extended periods. It originates from constructivist learning theories, notably those of John Dewey and Jean Piaget, which posit that learners construct knowledge best through hands-on activities tightly connected to their lived experiences. In a classroom implementing PBL, students may, for example, design a sustainable city model, develop a public health campaign, or build working prototypes—tasks that require both critical thinking and collaboration. Central to the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning is its emphasis on interdisciplinary learning and the development of 21st-century skills. Projects are typically structured to integrate multiple subject areas, reflecting the complexity of real-world challenges. For instance, designing a water filtration system can incorporate principles of chemistry, physics, engineering, […]