Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogical approach that emphasizes learning through active engagement in real-world and meaningful projects. Unlike traditional instructional methods, which often revolve around passive absorption of information and standardized testing, PBL tasks students with investigating and responding to complex questions, problems, or challenges over an extended period. This process requires students to apply critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and communication skills as they design, execute, and present their projects. The teacher’s role in PBL shifts from that of information provider to facilitator or coach, guiding students through their inquiry process. Central to PBL is the notion of authenticity—projects are frequently connected to real-life issues or the student’s own interests, ideally promoting intrinsic motivation and deeper learning. The PBL framework typically incorporates key phases: initial inquiry and problem formulation, research and knowledge acquisition, iterative project development, feedback from peers and instructors, and finally, public presentation or exhibition of the final product. Assessment in PBL extends […]