project-based learning

Project-based learning (PBL) is an instructional methodology that encourages students to learn and apply knowledge and skills through engaging projects set around real-world challenges and problems. Rather than passively acquiring information, learners are active participants who investigate and respond to complex questions, problems, or challenges over an extended period. This approach is grounded in constructivist theories of education proposed by Dewey, Piaget, and Vygotsky, which posit that students build understanding and meaning from their experiences. Within PBL, teachers act as facilitators or guides, structuring projects that require critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and effective communication.

One of the defining features of project-based learning is its emphasis on interdisciplinary learning and authenticity. Projects often transcend the boundaries of traditional academic subjects, requiring students to incorporate skills and knowledge from multiple disciplines—such as science, mathematics, language arts, and social studies—to address the task at hand. The projects are typically rooted in real-world scenarios, making learning more relevant and meaningful for students. This authenticity not only increases student engagement but also helps develop essential 21st-century skills, such as problem-solving, teamwork, and time management, which are highly valued in the modern workforce.

Research indicates that students engaged in PBL demonstrate deeper content understanding, improved retention of knowledge, and greater motivation compared to those in traditional settings. They also develop higher-order thinking skills, as projects require them to analyze information, synthesize diverse ideas, and create original solutions. Project-based learning aligns closely with the principles of formative assessment; students receive ongoing feedback from peers and instructors as they progress through their projects, allowing for continuous improvement and reflection. As educational systems worldwide transition towards more student-centered and experiential models, PBL represents a powerful approach to preparing learners to navigate and contribute to a complex, rapidly changing world. 

PhDr. Pavel Bartoš, LL.M., DBA (Evropská akademie vzdělávání / European Academy of education)