Project-Based Learning (PBL): A Scientific Overview Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional methodology grounded in constructivist educational theory, emphasizing active engagement and inquiry-based learning. In PBL, students gain a deeper understanding of subject matter by investigating complex, real-world problems and creating meaningful projects over an extended period. Rather than passively absorbing information through lectures and rote memorization, learners actively construct knowledge by experiencing, questioning, collaborating, and reflecting, which aligns with the cognitive principles articulated by educational theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, and John Dewey. Central to PBL is the design of authentic tasks that require critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and communication. Projects are typically multidisciplinary, integrating content from subjects such as science, mathematics, language arts, and social studies. The process often begins with a driving question or challenge, requiring students to research, experiment, and iterate solutions, often working collaboratively in teams. Throughout the project, students regularly present their findings, seek feedback, and revise their work, […]