Project-Based Learning (PBL): A Scientific Overview Project-Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional methodology that encourages students to learn and apply knowledge and skills through the development of projects, typically real-world and personally meaningful. Unlike traditional educational approaches that center on passive absorption of facts, PBL actively engages learners in exploring complex questions or problems over extended periods. Through this process, students take responsibility for their own learning, often collaborating in groups, and ultimately demonstrate their understanding with a final product or presentation. Research shows that PBL not only deepens subject matter mastery but also fosters essential 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, communication, creativity, and collaboration. Scientifically, the efficacy of PBL can be traced to cognitive and constructivist learning theories. The constructivist framework posits that knowledge is not simply transmitted from instructor to learner; rather, it is actively constructed by learners as they interact with their environment. PBL capitalizes on this theory by providing experiences that require learners […]